my mind on books

free kindle ebook on http://t.co/RrJrMwMy60 – 'The Rules of Life, Expanded Ed.' by Richard Templar http://t.co/cOCui7OQPZ via @amazon

— Debbie A Foster (@mymindonbooks) September 5, 2013

Rationality Through Reasoning (The Blackwell / Brown Lectures in Philosophy) by John Broome (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013)

(kindle ed.), (amazon.co.uk)

Book description from the publisher:

Rationality Through Reasoning answers the question of how people are motivated to do what they believe they ought to do, built on a comprehensive account of normativity, rationality and reasoning that differs significantly from much existing philosophical thinking.

• Develops an original account of normativity, rationality and reasoning significantly different from the majority of existing philosophical thought
• Includes an account of theoretical and practical reasoning that explains how reasoning is something we ourselves do, rather than something that happens in us
• Gives an account of what reasons are and argues that the connection between rationality and reasons is much less close than many philosophers have thought
• Contains rigorous new accounts of oughts including owned oughts, agent-relative reasons, the logic of requirements, instrumental rationality, the role of normativity in reasoning, following a rule, the correctness of reasoning, the connections between intentions and beliefs, and much else.
• Offers a new answer to the ‘motivation question’ of how a normative belief motivates an action.

Google Books preview:

Author’s “Normativity in Reasoning” lecture on YouTube

out in paperback – 'The Self Illusion: How the Social Brain Creates Identity' by Bruce Hood http://t.co/t9Kd45pqve via @amazon

— Debbie A Foster (@mymindonbooks) September 4, 2013

Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much by Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir (Times Books/Henry Holt, 2013)

(kindle ed.), (amazon.co.uk)

Product description from the publisher:

A surprising and intriguing examination of how scarcity—and our flawed responses to it—shapes our lives, our society, and our culture

Why do successful people get things done at the last minute? Why does poverty persist? Why do organizations get stuck firefighting? Why do the lonely find it hard to make friends? These questions seem unconnected, yet Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir show that they are all are examples of a mind-set produced by scarcity.

Drawing on cutting-edge research from behavioral science and economics, Mullainathan and Shafir show that scarcity creates a similar psychology for everyone struggling to manage with less than they need. Busy people fail to manage their time efficiently for the same reasons the poor and those maxed out on credit cards fail to manage their money. The dynamics of scarcity reveal why dieters find it hard to resist temptation, why students and busy executives mismanage their time, and why sugarcane farmers are smarter after harvest than before. Once we start thinking in terms of scarcity and the strategies it imposes, the problems of modern life come into sharper focus.

Mullainathan and Shafir discuss how scarcity affects our daily lives, recounting anecdotes of their own foibles and making surprising connections that bring this research alive. Their book provides a new way of understanding why the poor stay poor and the busy stay busy, and it reveals not only how scarcity leads us astray but also how individuals and organizations can better manage scarcity for greater satisfaction and success.

Google Books preview:

The Psychology of Scarcity lecture by Sendhil Mullainathan (via edge.org)

Authors at Aspen Ideas Festival:

See also: Book website

Consciousness and the Social Brain by Michael S.A. Graziano (Oxford University Press, 2013)

(kindle ed.), (amazon.co.uk)

Book description from the publisher:

What is consciousness and how can a brain, a mere collection of neurons, create it? In Consciousness and the Social Brain, Princeton neuroscientist Michael Graziano lays out an audacious new theory to account for the deepest mystery of them all. The human brain has evolved a complex circuitry that allows it to be socially intelligent. This social machinery has only just begun to be studied in detail. One function of this circuitry is to attribute awareness to others: to compute that person Y is aware of thing X. In Graziano’s theory, the machinery that attributes awareness to others also attributes it to oneself. Damage that machinery and you disrupt your own awareness. Graziano discusses the science, the evidence, the philosophy, and the surprising implications of this new theory.

Google Books preview:

See also: Author’s academic website, video lecture