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Monthly Archive April, 2007

Self-theories by Carol S. Dweck

April 28, 2007

Self-theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development (Essays in Social Psychology) by Carol S. Dweck.

Dweck contrasts two different theories of intelligence – an entity theory versus an incremental theory, showing that the entity theory leads to maladaptive responses. The entity theory involves the belief that intelligence is a fixed trait, leading to avoidance of challenge and effort, a decrease in ability to handle setbacks. The incremental theory views intelligence as something that can be increased, and this orients students more toward learning and challenge.

I’m sure I grew up with an entity theory of intelligence; intelligence seemed to be equated with less effort, plus social alienation.

Dweck’s more recent book is Mindset: The New Psychology of Success.

Guy Kawasaki’s blog post includes a link to a video interview and a nice diagram of the fixed versus incremental/growth mindsets.

See also – IT Conversations interview

Comments (6) - cognitive science,self

notes on “The Long Tail” by Chris Anderson

April 23, 2007

“six themes of the Long Tail age” p. 53:

1. there are far more niche goods than hits

2. costs of reaching those niches is falling dramatically, possible to offer a massively expanded variety of products

3. “filters” can drive demand down the tail (“filters” = recommendations, rankings)

4. demand curve flattens, less distance between hits and niches

5. niche products collectively comprise a market rivaling the hits

6. the natural shape of demand is revealed (without distortion created by distribution bottlenecks, scarcity of information, limited choice of shelf space)

“A Long Tail is just culture unfiltered by economic scarcity.”

p. 54-56 three forces: 1. democratize tools of production – lengthens Tail; 2. democratize tools of distribution (through aggregation) – fattens Tail; 3. connect supply and demand (through filters) – drives business from hits to niches

p. 172-174 Paradox of Choice (Barry Schwartz) – pointed to negative aspects of too many options, but people want choice, along with order to provide help, information, guidance

p. 184 shifting from mass culture to “massively parallel culture” with thousands of overlapping/interacting “tribes of interest”

visit author Chris Anderson’s Long Tail blog

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joining the Non-Fiction Five Challenge

April 21, 2007

nff109×108.jpg The Non-Fiction Five Challenge from “Thoughts of Joy”

Since I already read a lot of non-fiction I looked for books in areas I don’t normally read or at least that I would not have read except for this challenge (but that still look interesting). Usually I like to read books about ideas, so for the challenge I’m selecting some history and memoirs. Participants are also asked to select a variety, not all one genre, so I hope the list I’ve come up with is ok. My five books are these:

1. The Ghost Map by Steven Johnson, about a cholera epidemic in London

2. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism by Fred Turner

3. The Cincinnati Arch: Learning From Nature In The City by John Tallmadge (I had not heard of this but it looks interesting, and adds a nature component to the list, something else I haven’t been reading much of)

4. River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the Technological Wild West by Rebecca Solnit

5. A Year in Japan by Kate T. Williamson (not sure how much reading will be involved in this one, possibly supplemented by another book on Japan, such as Japanland: A Year in Search of Wa or Millennial Monsters: Japanese Toys and the Global Imagination (Asia: Local Studies / Global Themes))

alternates: History in English Words by Owen Barfield, Reading Like a Writer: A Guide for People Who Love Books and for Those Who Want to Write Them by Francine Prose, Story: Substance, Structure, Style and The Principles of Screenwriting by Robert McKee.
Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder is scheduled to come out on May 1 and I’m looking forward to reading it, but didn’t want to count it for the challenge since I would have picked it up anyway.

Now that I have the list finalized, more or less, I’m looking forward to starting! Thanks, Joy, for the challenge.

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Paul Broks on Nicholas Humphrey’s ‘Seeing Red’ – Prospect Magazine April 2007

April 14, 2007

‘The mystery of consciousness’ by Paul Broks

Seeing Red: A Study in Consciousness (Mind/Brain/Behavior Initiative) by Nicholas Humphrey

Nicholas Humphrey’s home page includes links to a nice collection of papers available online.

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Convergence Culture – more reading notes

April 7, 2007

Ch. 3 The Matrix – transmedia storytelling

p. 114 storytelling becomes world building

Ch 4 Star Wars – fan film

www.evanmather.com

Probot Productions

Pixelvision, Machinima

Japanese anime, Japanese cos. more tolerant, MIT Anime Club

The Mall of The Sims extensive fan-generated content

Ch. 5 “Harry Potter wars”

p 169

So far, we have seen that corporate media increasingly recognizes the value, and the threat, posed by fan participation. Media producers and advertisers now speak about “emotional capital” or “lovemarks” to refer to the importance of audience investment and participation in media content. Storytellers now think about storytelling in terms of creating openings for consumer participation. At the same time, consumers are using new media technologies to engage with old media content, seeing the Internet as a vehicle for collective problem solving, public deliberation, and grassroots creativity. Indeed, we have suggested that it is the interplay – and tension – between the top-down force of corporate convergence and the bottom-up force of grassroots convergence that is driving many of the changes we are observing in the media landscape.

imaginary Hogwarts school newspaper The Daily Prophet – example of “affinity space” (James Paul Gee), informal learning culture

Ch. 6 – politics & popular culture – Howard Dean campaign

p 211

New ideas and alternative perspectives are more likely to emerge in the digital environment, but the mainstream media will be monitoring those channels, looking for content to co-opt and circulate. Grassroots media channels depend on the shared frame of reference created by the traditional intermediaries ; much of the most successful “viral” content of the Web (for example, the “Trump Fires Bush” video) critiques or spoofs mainstream media. Broadcasting provides the common culture, and the Web offers more localized channels for responding to that culture.

p 220 – Photoshop appropriation and manipulation of images, “grassroots equivalent of political cartoons”

p 222 – historically consumption opposed to participation, but now consumption is more public, collective, topic of public discussion & deliberation; shared interests as basis for shared vision & actions.

Walter Benjamin – “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction”

p 225 shifting concepts of “informed citizen” – Michael Schudson, “monitorial citizen” – link

connection between game play & civic engagement, ex. Sims’ Alphaville election, Collective Detective

p 235 Pierre Levy Collective Intelligence – “achievable utopia”when sharing of knowledge, exercise of grassroots power become normative

Center for Deliberative Democracy at Stanford

Conclusion

Sequential Tart

Global Frequency

p 254 Wikipedia – shifts what counts as knowledge, what counts as expertise, “self-correcting adhocracy”

p 257 – grassroots media diversifies, broadcast media amplifies

First Amendment = right to participate in a democratic culture

p259

The ideal of the informed citizen is breaking down because there is simply too much for any individual to know. The ideal of monitorial citizenship depends on developing new skills in collaboration and a new ethic of knowledge sharing that will allow us to deliberate together.

Right now, people are learning how to participate in such knowledge cultures outside of any formal educational setting. Much of this learning takes place in the affinity spaces that are emerging around popular culture.

media literacy – how to build a meaningful relationship with media

author Henry Jenkins’s website at MIT: link

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